Manganese is found at approximately 40% of Superfund Sites on the National Priorities List. It is a naturally occurring metal that is found in many types of rocks. Manganese can enter the air from iron, steel, and power plants, coke ovens, and from dust from mining operations. It can enter the water and soil from natural deposits, disposal of wastes, or deposits from airborne sources. While manganese is an essential trace element that is necessary for good health, exposure to high levels of manganese for long periods of time can cause mental and emotional disturbances, slow and clumsy body movements, and may also cause respiratory problems and sexual dysfunction. Recent SBRP-funded studies show that exposure to manganese in drinking water is associated with neurotoxic effects in children. SBRP-funded research is being conducted to determine the reactions and rate controlling processes of the mobilization of manganese.
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