Title: S-nitrosylation of surfactant protein D as a modulator of pulmonary inflammation.
Authors: Atochina-Vasserman, Elena N
Published In Biochim Biophys Acta, (2012 Jun)
Abstract: Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a member of the family of proteins termed collagen-like lectins or "collectins" that play a role in non-antibody-mediated innate immune responses [1]. The primary function of SP-D is the modulation of host defense and inflammation [2].This review will discuss recent findings on the physiological importance of SP-D S-nitrosylation in biological systems and potential mechanisms that govern SP-D mediated signaling.SP-D appears to have both pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling functions. SP-D multimerization is a critical feature of its function and plays an important role in efficient innate host defense. Under baseline conditions, SP-D forms a multimer in which the N-termini are hidden in the center and the C-termini are on the surface. This multimeric form of SP-D is limited in its ability to activate inflammation. However, NO can modify key cysteine residues in the hydrophobic tail domain of SP-D resulting in a dissociation of SP-D multimers into trimers, exposing the S-nitrosylated N-termini. The exposed S-nitrosylated tail domain binds to the calreticulin/CD91 receptor complex and initiates a pro-inflammatory response through phosphorylation of p38 and NF-κB activation [3,4]. In addition, the disassembled SP-D loses its ability to block TLR4, which also results in activation of NF-κB.Recent studies have highlighted the capability of NO to modify SP-D through S-nitrosylation, causing the activation of a pro-inflammatory role for SP-D [3]. This represents a novel mechanism both for the regulation of SP-D function and NO's role in innate immunity, but also demonstrates that the S-nitrosylation can control protein function by regulating quaternary structure. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Regulation of Cellular Processes by S-nitrosylation.
PubMed ID:
22183030
MeSH Terms: Animals; Calreticulin/metabolism; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Inflammation/metabolism*; Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1/metabolism; Macrophages/immunology; Macrophages/physiology; Mice; NF-kappa B/metabolism; Nitric Oxide/metabolism*; Nitrosation; Phosphorylation; Pneumonia/immunology; Pneumonia/metabolism*; Protein Structure, Quaternary; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D/chemistry; Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D/metabolism*; Rats; Signal Transduction; Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism