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Title: Elevated peripheral benzodiazepine receptor expression in simian immunodeficiency virus encephalitis.

Authors: Mankowski, Joseph L; Queen, Suzanne E; Tarwater, Patrick J; Adams, Robert J; Guilarte, Tomas R

Published In J Neurovirol, (2003 Feb)

Abstract: Measurement of central nervous system (CNS) expression of the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR), a microglia and macrophage activation marker, by positron emission tomography (PET) would aid clinical management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. To evaluate the utility of examining PBR expression in the CNS as a cellular activation marker in HIV CNS disease, PBR levels were measured in frontal cortex of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected macaques with encephalitis and uninfected animals via PK11195 ligand autoradiography. [(3)H]-(R)-PK11195 binding to both grey matter (P =.017) and white matter (P =.038) was significantly higher in animals with SIV encephalitis (n = 10) versus control animals (n = 3). When PK11195 binding was compared with other microglial/macrophage activation markers (obtained via quantitative image analysis), a strong, significant association was found for both HAM56 (P =.004) and KP-1 (anti-CD68; P =.006) immunostaining in white matter. In contrast, grey matter PK11195 binding did not correlate with HAM56 (P =.46), KP-1 (P =.06), or glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunostaining for astrocytic activation (P =.09). The regional nature of these increases in activation within the brain illustrates the crucial need to focus functional neuroimaging analyses of HIV-infected individuals on subcortical white matter to assess activation of microglia and macrophages.

PubMed ID: 12587072 Exiting the NIEHS site

MeSH Terms: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents/metabolism; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology; Encephalitis, Viral/immunology; Encephalitis, Viral/metabolism; Gliosis/metabolism; Gliosis/virology; Isoquinolines/metabolism; Isoquinolines/pharmacology; Macaca nemestrina; Macrophages/metabolism; Macrophages/virology; Microglia/metabolism; Microglia/virology; Receptors, GABA-A/metabolism*; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/metabolism*; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus*

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