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Title: Preclinical translation of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells.

Authors: Elahi, Fanny M; Farwell, D Gregory; Nolta, Jan A; Anderson, Johnathon D

Published In Stem Cells, (2020 01)

Abstract: Exosomes are nanovesicles secreted by virtually all cells. Exosomes mediate the horizontal transfer of various macromolecules previously believed to be cell-autonomous in nature, including nonsecretory proteins, various classes of RNA, metabolites, and lipid membrane-associated factors. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) appear to be particularly beneficial for enhancing recovery in various models of disease. To date, there have been more than 200 preclinical studies of exosome-based therapies in a number of different animal models. Despite a growing number of studies reporting the therapeutic properties of MSC-derived exosomes, their underlying mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, and scalable manufacturing remain largely outstanding questions. Here, we review the global trends associated with preclinical development of MSC-derived exosome-based therapies, including immunogenicity, source of exosomes, isolation methods, biodistribution, and disease categories tested to date. Although the in vivo data assessing the therapeutic properties of MSC-exosomes published to date are promising, several outstanding questions remain to be answered that warrant further preclinical investigation.

PubMed ID: 31381842 Exiting the NIEHS site

MeSH Terms: Cells, Cultured; Exosomes/metabolism*; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism*

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