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National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences

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Your Environment. Your Health.

Publication Detail

Title: Early Life Exposure to Air Pollution and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Findings from a Multisite Case-Control Study.

Authors: McGuinn, Laura A; Windham, Gayle C; Kalkbrenner, Amy E; Bradley, Chyrise; Di, Qian; Croen, Lisa A; Fallin, M Daniele; Hoffman, Kate; Ladd-Acosta, Christine; Schwartz, Joel; Rappold, Ana G; Richardson, David B; Neas, Lucas M; Gammon, Marilie D; Schieve, Laura A; Daniels, Julie L

Published In Epidemiology, (2020 01)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic studies have reported associations between prenatal and early postnatal air pollution exposure and autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, findings differ by pollutant and developmental window. OBJECTIVES: We examined associations between early life exposure to particulate matter ≤2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5) and ozone in association with ASD across multiple US regions. METHODS: Our study participants included 674 children with confirmed ASD and 855 population controls from the Study to Explore Early Development, a multi-site case-control study of children born from 2003 to 2006 in the United States. We used a satellite-based model to assign air pollutant exposure averages during several critical periods of neurodevelopment: 3 months before pregnancy; each trimester of pregnancy; the entire pregnancy; and the first year of life. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for study site, maternal age, maternal education, maternal race/ethnicity, maternal smoking, and month and year of birth. RESULTS: The air pollution-ASD associations appeared to vary by exposure time period. Ozone exposure during the third trimester was associated with ASD, with an OR of 1.2 (95% CI: 1.1, 1.4) per 6.6 ppb increase in ozone. We additionally observed a positive association with PM2.5 exposure during the first year of life (OR = 1.3 [95% CI: 1.0, 1.6] per 1.6 µg/m increase in PM2.5). CONCLUSIONS: Our study corroborates previous findings of a positive association between early life air pollution exposure and ASD, and identifies a potential critical window of exposure during the late prenatal and early postnatal periods.

PubMed ID: 31592868 Exiting the NIEHS site

MeSH Terms: Air Pollution*/adverse effects; Autism Spectrum Disorder*/epidemiology; Case-Control Studies; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Maternal Exposure*/adverse effects; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects*/epidemiology; United States/epidemiology

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