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Title: Sensitive CometChip assay for screening potentially carcinogenic DNA adducts by trapping DNA repair intermediates.

Authors: Ngo, Le P; Owiti, Norah A; Swartz, Carol; Winters, John; Su, Yang; Ge, Jing; Xiong, Aoli; Han, Jongyoon; Recio, Leslie; Samson, Leona D; Engelward, Bevin P

Published In Nucleic Acids Res, (2020 Feb 20)

Abstract: Genotoxicity testing is critical for predicting adverse effects of pharmaceutical, industrial, and environmental chemicals. The alkaline comet assay is an established method for detecting DNA strand breaks, however, the assay does not detect potentially carcinogenic bulky adducts that can arise when metabolic enzymes convert pro-carcinogens into a highly DNA reactive products. To overcome this, we use DNA synthesis inhibitors (hydroxyurea and 1-β-d-arabinofuranosyl cytosine) to trap single strand breaks that are formed during nucleotide excision repair, which primarily removes bulky lesions. In this way, comet-undetectable bulky lesions are converted into comet-detectable single strand breaks. Moreover, we use HepaRG™ cells to recapitulate in vivo metabolic capacity, and leverage the CometChip platform (a higher throughput more sensitive comet assay) to create the 'HepaCometChip', enabling the detection of bulky genotoxic lesions that are missed by current genotoxicity screens. The HepaCometChip thus provides a broadly effective approach for detection of bulky DNA adducts.

PubMed ID: 31822921 Exiting the NIEHS site

MeSH Terms: Carcinogenesis; Cell Line; Comet Assay/methods*; DNA Adducts/analysis*; DNA Breaks, Single-Stranded; DNA Repair; Humans; Microarray Analysis/methods; Sensitivity and Specificity

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