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Title: HLTF Promotes Fork Reversal, Limiting Replication Stress Resistance and Preventing Multiple Mechanisms of Unrestrained DNA Synthesis.

Authors: Bai, Gongshi; Kermi, Chames; Stoy, Henriette; Schiltz, Carl J; Bacal, Julien; Zaino, Angela M; Hadden, M Kyle; Eichman, Brandt F; Lopes, Massimo; Cimprich, Karlene A

Published In Mol Cell, (2020 Jun 18)

Abstract: DNA replication stress can stall replication forks, leading to genome instability. DNA damage tolerance pathways assist fork progression, promoting replication fork reversal, translesion DNA synthesis (TLS), and repriming. In the absence of the fork remodeler HLTF, forks fail to slow following replication stress, but underlying mechanisms and cellular consequences remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that HLTF-deficient cells fail to undergo fork reversal in vivo and rely on the primase-polymerase PRIMPOL for repriming, unrestrained replication, and S phase progression upon limiting nucleotide levels. By contrast, in an HLTF-HIRAN mutant, unrestrained replication relies on the TLS protein REV1. Importantly, HLTF-deficient cells also exhibit reduced double-strand break (DSB) formation and increased survival upon replication stress. Our findings suggest that HLTF promotes fork remodeling, preventing other mechanisms of replication stress tolerance in cancer cells. This remarkable plasticity of the replication fork may determine the outcome of replication stress in terms of genome integrity, tumorigenesis, and response to chemotherapy.

PubMed ID: 32442397 Exiting the NIEHS site

MeSH Terms: Cell Line, Tumor; DNA Damage/genetics; DNA Primase/metabolism; DNA Primase/physiology; DNA Repair/genetics; DNA Replication/genetics; DNA Replication/physiology*; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism*; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/physiology; DNA/biosynthesis*; DNA/genetics; HEK293 Cells; Humans; K562 Cells; Multifunctional Enzymes/metabolism; Multifunctional Enzymes/physiology; Nucleotidyltransferases/metabolism; Nucleotidyltransferases/physiology; Transcription Factors/genetics; Transcription Factors/metabolism*

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