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Title: Lead enhances CD4+ T cell proliferation indirectly by targeting antigen presenting cells and modulating antigen-specific interactions.

Authors: Farrer, David G; Hueber, Sara M; McCabe Jr, Michael J

Published In Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, (2005 Sep 01)

Abstract: Although Pb is a well-known immunotoxicant, its mechanism of action is not well understood. Low levels of Pb (approximately 1 microM) markedly enhance the proliferative T cell response in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC), a process we have termed allo-enhancement. As Pb allo-enhancement occurs whether alloantigen presenting cells (APC) are derived from C57BL/6 or BALB.B10, the allo-reactive T cells involved are likely to be specific for peptide in the context of the IA(b) molecule as the IE molecule is null in H-2(b) mice. Analysis of T cell division in MLC with Pb treatment indicated that there was no significant difference between Pb and non-Pb-treated cultures until day 4 when the frequency of proliferating T cells was much greater than in non-treated cultures. Our data suggest that this increased proliferation is not coupled with increased IL-2 levels in the media as these were actually decreased with Pb treatment and that Pb-induced enhancement in the allo-proliferative response is only partially dependent upon IL-2. Pb allo-enhancement is abrogated when stimulating allo-APCs are paraformaldehyde-fixed, and T cell proliferation stimulated by concanavalin A is not enhanced with Pb treatment, suggesting that the APC is the proximate target of Pb in allo-MLC. Pb allo-enhancement does not occur when T cells respond to irradiated allo-B cells, alone; however, it is restored when syngeneic CD11c-enriched cells are added. Of the CD11c-enriched splenocytes, the fraction that is adherent after 24 h, consistent with macrophages, appears to be the cell type targeted by Pb. Using T cells from DO11.10 transgenic mice, we determined that the effect of Pb is centered around specific p:MHC interactions and that enhanced costimulation is an unlikely mechanism for Pb allo-enhancement.

PubMed ID: 15885731 Exiting the NIEHS site

MeSH Terms: Animals; Antigen-Presenting Cells/drug effects*; Antigen-Presenting Cells/physiology; CD11c Antigen/analysis; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects*; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology; Cell Communication/drug effects*; Female; Interleukin-2/physiology; Isoantigens/immunology*; Lead/toxicity*; Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects*; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C

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