Superfund Research Program

March 2024

Hot Publication

Researchers at the University of Rhode Island SRP Center used innovative sampling methods to document PFAS sources along the Pawcatuck River in Westerly, Rhode Island. They found that PFAS are ubiquitous in the river, retired and active textile mills are believed to be major contributors, and river dynamics may influence the amount of PFAS entering the Atlantic Ocean.

Typical methods of measuring PFAS in water only document PFAS concentrations at one specific point in time. In this study, the scientists used an environmental monitoring technique called passive sampling, which allows pollutants to accumulate within the sampler over time, providing a more comprehensive picture of PFAS concentrations.

They installed passive samplers at seven locations along the Pawcatuck River, which is adjacent to several active and retired textile mills that used PFAS to impart water and oil repellence and stain resistance to garments.

Researchers found PFAS in every sample collected, suggesting PFAS are ubiquitous in the river across long periods of time. After an increase in river flow, the team recorded a sharp increase in PFAS entering the Atlantic Ocean, indicating that river dynamics may influence PFAS output.

A greater concentration of FTCA, a particular PFAS compound rarely found in other parts of the river, was found near an active textile mill, suggesting that the air emissions or wastewater discharges of the active mill may be a constant source of PFAS. Researchers also identified waste lagoons of retired mills as large sources of PFAS and as ideal locations for PFAS remediation efforts.

According to the authors, passive samplers are a good way to investigate PFAS sources and transport in other aquatic systems in the U.S. Results from the passive samplers can be used to guide how and where to best use PFAS remediation funds, they added.

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