Title: 1H NMR Metabolic Profiling of Earthworm (Eisenia fetida) Coelomic Fluid, Coelomocytes, and Tissue: Identification of a New Metabolite-Malylglutamate.

Authors: Griffith, Corey M; Williams, Preston B; Tinoco, Luzineide W; Dinges, Meredith M; Wang, Yinsheng; Larive, Cynthia K

Published In J Proteome Res, (2017 Sep 01)

Abstract: Earthworm metabolism is recognized as a useful tool for monitoring environmental insults and measuring ecotoxicity, yet extensive earthworm metabolic profiling using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has been limited in scope. This study aims to expand the embedded metabolic material in earthworm coelomic fluid, coelomocytes, and tissue to aid systems toxicology research. Fifty-nine metabolites within Eisenia fetida were identified, with 47 detected in coelomic fluid, 41 in coelomocytes, and 54 in whole-worm samples and tissue extracts. The newly detected but known metabolites 2-aminobutyrate, nicotinurate, Nδ,Nδ,Nδ-trimethylornithine, and trigonelline are reported along with a novel compound, malylglutamate, elucidated using 2D NMR and high-resolution MS/MS. We postulate that malylglutamate acts as a glutamate/malate store, chelator, and anionic osmolyte and helps to provide electrolyte balance.

PubMed ID: 28753027

MeSH Terms: Alkaloids/isolation & purification; Alkaloids/metabolism; Aminobutyrates/isolation & purification; Aminobutyrates/metabolism; Animals; Ecotoxicology/methods; Glutamic Acid/analogs & derivatives; Glutamic Acid/isolation & purification; Glutamic Acid/metabolism*; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Malates/isolation & purification; Malates/metabolism*; Metabolome*; Metabolomics/methods*; Nicotinic Acids/isolation & purification; Nicotinic Acids/metabolism; Oligochaeta/chemistry; Oligochaeta/metabolism*; Ornithine/analogs & derivatives; Ornithine/isolation & purification; Ornithine/metabolism; Tandem Mass Spectrometry