Human emerging and reemerging infectious diseases are the diseases that have appeared in a population in the recent past or that had already existed but are rapidly increasing in incidence or changing their geographic range. An increased incidence of zoonotic and vector borne infections has been recognized. The factors responsible for this emergence or reemergence of diseases include overpopulation, disruptions due to military action, mass migrations of populations due to natural or man-made disasters and the migration of populations into large urban centers and inadequate food and water supplies. Socio-economic and environmental factors e.g., greater rates of trade and travel, agricultural changes and increased antibiotic drug use, deforestation and climate change are also considered as important drivers of the emergence of these diseases. A brief review of clinically significant, food and water borne; vector borne, blood borne and zoonotic emerging and reemerging parasitic diseases has been given For effective control of these diseases, proper surveillance of the factors influencing their emergence, early detection and monitoring of these pathogens are required. Diagnostics and therapeutics based on genomics, proteomics and nanotechnology should be explored for rapid and accurate diagnosis.