Title: Low morale is associated with increased risk of mortality in the elderly: a population-based prospective study (NEDICES).

Authors: Benito-León, Julián; Louis, Elan D; Rivera-Navarro, Jesús; Medrano, María José; Vega, Saturio; Bermejo-Pareja, Félix

Published In Age Ageing, (2010 May)

Abstract: the study aimed to assess the association between morale and mortality.we used data from the Neurological Disorders in Central Spain (NEDICES), a population-based study.2,516 older persons (mean age 75.7 years) participated in the study.Cox models were used to estimate risk of mortality. Morale was assessed using the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale.489 (21.8%) participants died over a median follow-up of 5.9 years (range 0.1-7.7 years), including 253 (21.8%) deaths among 1,163 participants with low morale scores, 168 (19.3%) among 870 participants with moderate scores and 68 (14.1%) among participants with high scores. In an unadjusted Cox model, relative risk (RR) of mortality in participants with low morale scores = 1.69 (P < 0.001) and RR in participants with moderate scores = 1.47 (P < 0.01) were compared to the reference group (participants with high scores). In a Cox model that adjusted for a variety of demographic factors and co-morbidities, RR of mortality in participants with low morale scores = 1.35 (P <0.05) and moderate scores = 1.16 (not significant) were compared to the reference group.low morale may be an independent predictor of mortality in the elderly. By assessing morale, practitioners might be better positioned to identify patients with poorer prognoses.

PubMed ID: 20299322

MeSH Terms: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cause of Death; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Geriatric Assessment; Humans; Male; Morale*; Mortality*; Proportional Hazards Models*; Prospective Studies; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Quality of Life; Risk Factors; Socioeconomic Factors; Spain/epidemiology; Surveys and Questionnaires