Title: Associations Between Linoleic Acid Intake and Incident Type 2 Diabetes Among U.S. Men and Women.
Authors: Zong, Geng; Liu, Gang; Willett, Walter C; Wanders, Anne J; Alssema, Marjan; Zock, Peter L; Hu, Frank B; Sun, Qi
Published In Diabetes Care, (2019 08)
Abstract: To investigate the association between intakes of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and type 2 diabetes risk in three prospective cohort studies of U.S. men and women.We followed 83,648 women from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) (1980-2012), 88,610 women from NHSII (1991-2013), and 41,771 men from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS) (1986-2012). Dietary data were collected every 2-4 years by using validated food-frequency questionnaires. Self-reported incident diabetes, identified biennially, was confirmed by using a validated supplementary questionnaire.During 4.93 million person-years of follow-up, 18,442 type 2 diabetes cases were documented. Dietary n-6 PUFAs accounted for 4.4-6.8% of total energy, on average, and consisted primarily of linoleic acid (LA) (≥98%). In multivariate-adjusted models, hazard ratios (95% CIs) of type 2 diabetes risk comparing extreme n-6 PUFA quintiles (highest vs. lowest) were 0.91 (0.85, 0.96) (Ptrend = 0.002) for total n-6 PUFAs and 0.92 (0.87, 0.98) (Ptrend = 0.01) for LA. In an isocaloric substitution model, diabetes risk was 14% (95% CI 5%, 21%) (P = 0.002) lower when LA isocalorically replaced saturated fats (5% of energy), 17% (95% CI 9%, 24%) (P < 0.001) lower for trans fats (2% of energy), or 9% (95% CI 17%, 0.1%) (P = 0.047) lower for carbohydrates (5% of energy). Replacing n-3 PUFAs or monounsaturated fats with LA was not significantly associated with type 2 diabetes risk.Our study provides additional evidence that LA intake is inversely associated with risk of type 2 diabetes, especially when replacing saturated fatty acids, trans fats, or carbohydrates.
PubMed ID:
31182488
MeSH Terms: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology*; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology; Diet Surveys; Diet/adverse effects*; Dietary Fats/adverse effects*; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Incidence; Linoleic Acids/adverse effects*; Male; Middle Aged; Proportional Hazards Models; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Trans Fatty Acids/adverse effects