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National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences

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Your Environment. Your Health.

Publication Detail

Title: A State-of-the-Science Review of Arsenic's Effects on Glucose Homeostasis in Experimental Models.

Authors: Castriota, Felicia; Rieswijk, Linda; Dahlberg, Sarah; La Merrill, Michele A; Steinmaus, Craig; Smith, Martyn T; Wang, Jen-Chywan

Published In Environ Health Perspect, (2020 01)

Abstract: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has more than doubled since 1980. Poor nutrition, sedentary lifestyle, and obesity are among the primary risk factors. While an estimated 70% of cases are attributed to excess adiposity, there is an increased interest in understanding the contribution of environmental agents to diabetes causation and severity. Arsenic is one of these environmental chemicals, with multiple epidemiology studies supporting its association with T2D. Despite extensive research, the molecular mechanism by which arsenic exerts its diabetogenic effects remains unclear.We conducted a literature search focused on arsenite exposure in vivo and in vitro, using relevant end points to elucidate potential mechanisms of oral arsenic exposure and diabetes development.We explored experimental results for potential mechanisms and elucidated the distinct effects that occur at high vs. low exposure. We also performed network analyses relying on publicly available data, which supported our key findings.While several mechanisms may be involved, our findings support that arsenite has effects on whole-body glucose homeostasis, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, hepatic glucose metabolism, and both adipose and pancreatic dysfunction.This review applies state-of-the-science approaches to identify the current knowledge gaps in our understanding of arsenite on diabetes development. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4517.

PubMed ID: 31898917 Exiting the NIEHS site

MeSH Terms: Arsenic/toxicity*; Blood Glucose/drug effects*; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/chemically induced; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Pollutants/toxicity*; Homeostasis/drug effects*; Humans; Insulin Secretion/drug effects; Insulin/metabolism

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