Title: The Association between Sex Hormones, Pubertal Milestones and Benzophenone-3 Exposure, Measured by Urinary Biomarker or Questionnaire.

Authors: Giannini, Courtney M; Huang, Bin; Chandler, Donald W; Fassler, Cecily S; Schwartz, Richard C; Biro, Frank M; Pinney, Susan M

Published In Int J Environ Health Res, (2022 Oct)

Abstract: Experimental studies have suggested benzophenone-3 (BP-3), a sunscreen ingredient, may have endocrine-disrupting properties. A cohort of girls were recruited at ages 6-7 years and returned semi-annually for pubertal maturation staging, provided blood for serum hormone analyses [estradiol, estrone, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S)], and urine to measure BP-3 concentrations. We found a significant negative linear association between amount of reported sunscreen use and testosterone levels at the onset of puberty (N = 157, adjusted β = -0.0163, 97.5% CI:-0.0300,-0.0026). The 2nd quartile of the BP-3 biomarker had earlier thelarche compared to the 1st quartile (N = 282, adjusted HR = 1.584, 97.5% CI:1.038,2.415). Results suggest that higher report of sunscreen use may be associated with lower testosterone levels at thelarche and a non-linear relationship between the BP-3 urinary biomarker and onset of puberty, although the clinical significance of the finding is limited and may be a random effect. Improved methods of BP-3 exposure characterization are needed.

PubMed ID: 34313174

MeSH Terms: Benzophenones; Biomarkers; Child; Dehydroepiandrosterone; Estradiol; Estrone*; Female; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Sulfates; Sunscreening Agents*; Surveys and Questionnaires; Testosterone