Superfund Research Program

Effect of Aging of Pollutants in Soil on Bioavailability, Extractability and Toxicity

Project Leader: Martin Alexander
Grant Number: P42ES005950
Funding Period: 1995 - 2000

Project-Specific Links

Publications

2002

• Alexander RR, Tang J, Alexander M. 2002. Genotoxicity is unrelated to total concentration of priority carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils undergoing biological treatment. J Environ Qual 31(1):150-154. PMID:11837418
• Liste H, Alexander M. 2002. Butanol extraction to predict bioavailability of PAHs in soil. Chemosphere 46(7):1011-1017. PMID:11999764
• Tang J, Liste H, Alexander M. 2002. Chemical assays of availability to earthworms of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil. Chemosphere 48(1):35-42. PMID:12137055

2001

• Kottler BD, Alexander M. 2001. Relationship of properties of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to sequestration in soil. Environ Pollut 113(3):293-298. PMID:11428137
• Kottler BD, White JC, Kelsey JW. 2001. Influence of soil moisture on the sequestration of organic compounds in soil. Chemosphere 42(8):893-898. PMID:11272911
• Nam K, Alexander M. 2001. Relationship between biodegradation rate and percentage of a compound that becomes sequestered in soil. Soil Biol Biochem 33:787-792.

2000

• Morrison DE, Robertson BK, Alexander M. 2000. Bioavailability to earthworms of aged DDT, DDE, DDD, and dieldrin in soil. Environ Sci Technol 34(4):709-713. doi:10.1021/es9909879

1999

• Alexander RR, Alexander M. 1999. Genotoxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon declines as they age in soil. Environ Toxicol Chem 18:1140-1143.
• Alexander RR, Chung N, Alexander M. 1999. Solid-phase genotoxicity assay for organic compounds in soil. Environ Toxicol Chem 18:420-425.
• Chung N, Alexander M. 1999. Effect of concentration on sequestration and bioavailability of two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Environ Sci Technol 33:3605-3608.
• Chung N, Alexander M. 1999. Relationship between nanoporosity and other properties in soil. Soil Science 164:726-730.
• Roch F, Vedy J. 1999. Modulation of metabolic activity prevents degradation of sorbed toluene. Chemosphere 38(8):1797-1810. PMID:10101849
• Tang J, Alexander M. 1999. Mild extractability and bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil. Environ Toxicol Chem 18:2711-2714.
• Tang J, Robertson BK, Alexander M. 1999. Chemical-extraction methods to estimate bioavailability of DDT, DDE, and DDD in soil. Environ Sci Technol 33:4346-4351.
• White JC, Alexander M, Pignatello JJ. 1999. Enhancing the bioavailability of organic compounds sequestered in soil and aquifer solids. Environ Toxicol Chem 18:182-187.
• White JC, Hunter M, Pignatello JJ, Alexander M. 1999. Increase in the bioavailability of aged phenanthrene in soils by competitive displacement with pyrene. Environ Toxicol Chem 18:728-732.

1998

• Carroquino MJ, Alexander M. 1998. Factors affecting the biodegradation of phenanthrene initially dissolved in different nonaqueous-phase liquids. Environ Toxicol Chem 17:265-270.
• Chung N, Alexander M. 1998. Differences in sequestration and bioavailability of organic compounds aged in dissimilar soils. Environ Sci Technol 32:855-860.
• Kottler BD. 1998. Properties of Compounds That Correlate with Time-Dependent Reductions of Availability in Soil. Ph.D. Dissertation, Graduate Field of Environmental Toxicology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.
• Kyoungphile N. 1998. Effect of Organic Matter and Nanopores in the Bioavailability and Sequestration of Phenantherene in Soil and Soil Models. Ph.D. Thesis, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.
• Nam K, Alexander M. 1998. Role of nanoporosity and hydrophobicity in sequestration and bioavailability: tests with model solids. Environ Sci Technol 32:71-74.
• Nam K, Chung N, Alexander M. 1998. Relationship between organic matter content of soil and the sequestration of phenanthrene. Environ Sci Technol 32:3785-3788.
• Robertson BK, Alexander M. 1998. Sequestration of DDT and dieldrin in soil: Disappearance of acute toxicity but not the compounds. Environ Toxicol Chem 17:1034-1038.
• Tang J, Carroquino MJ, Robertson BK, Alexander M. 1998. Combined effect of sequestration and bioremediation in reducing the bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil. Environ Sci Technol 32:3586-3590.
• Tang W-, White JC, Alexander M. 1998. Utilization of sorbed compounds by microorganisms specifically isolated for that purpose. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 49:117-121. PMID:9487714
• White JC, Quinones-Rivera A, Alexander M. 1998. Effect of wetting and drying on the bioavailability of organic compounds sequestered in soil. Environ Toxicol Chem 17:2378-2382.

1997

• Alexander M, Hatzinger PB, Kelsey JW, Kottler BD, Nam K. 1997. Sequestration and realistic risk from toxic chemicals remaining after bioremediation. Ann N Y Acad Sci 829:1-5. PMID:9472310
• Hatzinger PB, Alexander M. 1997. Biodegradation of organic compounds sequestered in organic solids or in nanopores within silica particles. Environ Toxicol Chem 15:2215-2221.
• Kelsey JW, Alexander M. 1997. Declining bioavailability and inappropriate estimation of risk of persistent compounds. Environ Toxicol Chem 15:582-585.
• Kelsey JW, Kottler BD, Alexander M. 1997. Selective chemical extractants to predict bioavailability of soil-aged organic chemicals. Environ Sci Technol 31:214-217.
• Tang W-. 1997. Differences in Availability of Sorbed Phenanthrene to Bacteria. Ph.D. Dissertation, Graduate Field of Environmental Toxicology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.
• White JC, Kelsey JW, Hatzinger PB, Alexander M. 1997. Factors affecting sequestration and bioavailability of phenanthrene in soils. Environ Toxicol Chem 16:2040-2045.

1996

• Birman I, Alexander M. 1996. Effect of viscosity of nonaqueous-phase liquids (NAPLs) on biodegradation of NAPL constituents. Environ Toxicol Chem 15:1683-1686.
• Birman I, Alexander M. 1996. Optimizing biodegradation of phenanthrene dissolved in nonaqueous-phase liquids. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 45(1-2):267-272. PMID:8920200
• Calvillo YM, Alexander M. 1996. Mechanisim of microbial utilization of biphenyl sorbed to polyacrylic beads. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 45:383-390. PMID:8639305
• Carroquino MJ. 1996. Effect of Identity of the Nonaqueous Phase Liquid (NAPL) on the Biodegradation of Hydrophobic Compounds. Ph.D. Dissertation, Graduate Field of Environmental Toxicology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.
• Hatzinger PB. 1996. Effect of Aging on the Biodegradation of Chemicals. Ph.D. Dissertation, Graduate Field of Environmental Toxicology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.
• Morrison DE. 1996. Effects of Microbial Competition on the Mineralization of Hydrophobic Pollutants Initially Dissolved in Nonaqueous Phase Liquids. M.S. Thesis, Graduate Field of Environmental Toxicology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.
• Nam K. 1996. Role of Organic Matter in the Bioavailability and Sequestration of Phenanthrene in Soil and Soil Models. Ph.D. Dissertation, Graduate Field of Environmental Toxicology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.
• White JC, Alexander M. 1996. Reduced biodegradability of desorption-resistant fractions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil and aquifer solids. Environ Toxicol Chem 15:1973-1978.

1995

• Alexander M. 1995. A small circle of knowledge, a large circle of ignorance. Environ Health Perspect 103(supp.5):121-123. PMID:8565899
• Alexander M. 1995. How toxic are toxic chemicals in soil?. Environ Sci Technol 29:2713-2717. PMID:22206515
• Efroymson RA, Alexander M. 1995. Reduced mineralization of low concentrations of phenanthrene because of sequestering in nonaqueous-phase liquids. Environ Sci Technol 29:515-521. PMID:22201400
• Fu MH, Alexander M. 1995. Use of surfactants and slurrying to enhance the biodegradation in soil of compounds initially dissolved in nonaqueous-phase liquids. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 43(3):551-558. PMID:7632403
• Hatzinger PB, Alexander M. 1995. Effect of aging of chemicals in soil on their biodegradability and extractability. Environ Sci Technol 29:537-545. PMID:22201403
• Labare MP, Alexander M. 1995. Enhanced mineralization of organic compounds in nonaqueous-phase liquids. Environ Toxicol Chem 14:257-265.
• Ortega-Calvo JJ, Birman I, Alexander M. 1995. Effect of varying the rate of partitioning of phenanthrene in nonaqueous-phase liquids on biodegradation in soil slurries. Environ Sci Technol 29:2222-2225. PMID:22280259

1994

• Kottler BD. 1994. Survival in Soil of Lake Water and Soil Microorganisms. M.S. Thesis, Graduate Field of Environmental Toxicology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.
• Ortega-Calvo JJ, Alexander M. 1994. Roles of bacterial attachment and spontaneous partitioning in the biodegradation of naphthalene initially present in nonaqueous-phase liquids. Appl Environ Microbiol 60(7):2643-2646. PMID:8074534

1993

• Efroymson RA. 1993. Biodegradation of Hydrophobic Chemicals in NonAqueous Phase Liquids (NAPLS). Ph.D. Thesis, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.